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The Butterworth type filter was first described by the British engineer Stephen Butterworth.
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A PI filter is a filter that has a series element and two parallel elements connected in the
shape of the Greek letter PI.
Butterworth filter are characterized by a constant gain (flat response) across the
midband of the circuit and a 20 dB per decade roll-off rate for each pole contained in the circuit.
Butterworth filters are termed maximally flat magnitude response filters, optimized for gain flatness in the pass band.
The attenuation is -3db at cutoff frequency. Above the cutoff frequency the attenuation is -20 db.
The Butterworth is the only filter that maintains same shape for higher orders whereas other varieties of filters (Bessel,
Chebyshev, elliptic) have different shapes at higher orders.
A High pass filter is a filter that passes high frequencies, but attenuates
frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency.
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